Task 89-07: Evaluation of the in vitro efficacy of candidate pretreatment and treatment (pt) compounds against vesicants and nerve agents. Final report, January 1990-January 1993

MREF Task 89-07 encompassed four vesicant assays and four nerve agent assays. The four vesicant assays evaluated the candidate P and T compound solubility limitations, direct cytotoxic effects, efficacy against HD-induced cellular nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) depletion, and efficacy against HD-induced cytotoxicity. Normal human epidermal cells (NHEKs) were used to evaluate candidate PT compound efficacy against HD-induced NAD+ depletion, and peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes (PBMC) were used in direct cytotoxicity and HD-induced cytotoxicity assays. The four nerve agent assays assessed candidate PT compound direct inhibitory effects on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, candidate PT compound efficacy in reactivating Tabun (GA) - and O-ethyl S-(2-diisopropylaminoethyl) methylphosphonothiolate (VX)-inhibited A ThE, and candidate PT compound efficacy in slowing the aging rate of Soman (GD) inhibited AChE. All nerve agent and vesicant assays with the exception of the direct cytotoxicity and HD-induced cytotoxicity assays were initially established under MREF Task 88-36. The direct cytotoxicity and HD-induced cytotoxicity assays were transitioned to the MREF from USAMRICD and validated for use in routine screening procedures, including the generation of control database values, under Task 89-07. Solubility data were obtained for 37 compounds submitted for evaluation in the vesicant assays. Thirty-five of these compounds were evaluated for direct cytotoxicity,more » and their effect against HD-induced cytotoxicity, while 13 compound is were evaluated for efficacy against HD-induced NAD+ depletion. AChE reactivation, ACHE aging, ACHE inhibition, In vitro, Cytotoxicity , Vesicant assays, Nerve ag.« less