The Endoscopic Biopsy: How to Proceed and How to Look at a Biopsy

Pathology is one of the tools for reaching a diagnosis. Like all procedures in medicine, the analysis of biopsies has some limitations. The diagnostic yield can be increased by using good quality samples, by optimizing the number of samples and sections, by optimal preparation of the samples and by confronting the findings with appropriate clinical information. Numbers of samples needed depend on the indication for the endoscopic procedures. When reading a biopsy, analysis can be improved with a systematic approach. This implies a proper knowledge of the normal histology and of potential artifacts. The pathologists should take note of the origin, the number, and the size of the samples and subsequently evaluate the architecture and cytological aspects of the specimen. The analysis can be improved by using a checklist or pro forma report.