Implications of Hydraulic Fracturing of Unconventional Oil and Gas Resources in Mexico

After a brief description of the most relevant aspects of hydraulic fracturing technology, the main threats involved in its use for the environment, society, and human health are reviewed. Based on the situation of unconventional reserves in Mexico, an assessment is made of the risks involved in the use of technology for the country. It is concluded that the inappropriate use of fracking technology in non-conventional gas and oil reservoirs in Mexico, heretofore unregulated, may result in devastating impacts on the environment, water, air, and soil. Strong and timely actions are needed to prevent pollution of surface water sources as well as aquifers and groundwater—especially in the northeastern part of Mexico where water is scarce—and the atmosphere and to prevent health problems in neighboring communities and workers. The use of hydraulic fracturing in Mexico ultimately has to do with the availability of water in the regions where it is intended to be made. Consequently, Mexico is not yet prepared for the wide implementation of this technology; there are many issues to be dealt with before reaching a proper starting point.