The Role of Hysteroscopy in Diagnosis and Management of Recurrent Pregnancy Loss (RPL)

Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) causes a significant psychological burden on couples trying to have a successful pregnancy. It has been associated with congenital or acquired uterine abnormalities such as various forms of uterine horn fusion defects, uterine myomas, uterine septums, polyps, intrauterine adhesions, and retained products of conception. Other etiologies include genetic abnormalities, thrombophilias, immunologic problems, endocrinopathies, as well as environmental causes. Results provided by evidence-based medicine along with availability of modern hysteroscopic instruments utilizing narrower diameter scopes with improved optics and more compact units, have provided less invasive, safer, more efficient, and more convenient techniques for both diagnosis and treatment of RPL due to uterine origins in contrast to older alternatives of laparoscopic and open laparotomy procedures.