Architectural and segmental mechanisms underlying control of torque by the triceps surae muscles of the cat

The triceps surae muscles of decerebrate cats were activated in two combinations using crossed-extension reflexes and stimulation of the caudal cutaneous sural nerve. The unique mechanical actions occurring at the ankle and knee joints resulting from these activation patterns were measured using a multi-axis force transducer. The results support the hypothesis that precise control of torque direction and interjoint coordination arise from the interaction of specialized muscular actions and specific interneuronal systems.