Health Care Associated Infection at Adama Hospital Medical College, Adama, Oromia, Ethiopia

Background:Infections acquired during health care delivery, are more appropriately called health care-associated infections. The spectrum of health care associated infections ranges from simple common colds to life threatening sepsis with MDR or XDR organism. Objective:The objective of this research was todetermine the incidence rate of healthcare associated infection and associated factors at Adama hospital Medical College. Methods: It was a prospective cohort study techniques and the data collected and analyzed using Epinfo7 and SPSS 20. The patients’ clinical conditions were collectedusing structured interview, observation, clinical evaluation and laboratory methods. The collected clinical sampleswereprocessed and cultured on standard microbiological media and the organismidentified using different biochemical tests. For all isolated organism a disk diffusion antibiotic susceptibility test done based on the CLSI guideline (2015). The studywasconducted from February to May 2017 G.C. at Adama hospital medical college, Adama, Ethiopia. Results: The pooled incident rates of health care associated infection at Adama hospital were 9.7 case /1000 persons-days with a 95% CI (7.1, 12.9). Moreover, the Incident rate of surgical site infection, cather associated urinary tract infection, catheter associated blood stream infection, ventilator associated pneumonia, non surgical skin break infection, and antibiotic associated diarrhea were 10.4, 60.2,1.4, 14.1,73.5 and 0.6case per 1000 persons-days, respectively. About 90.2% of the infection wasdue to gram-negative bacteria, among these bacteria, E.coli,Citrobacter fruindi,Proteus mirabilis, Klebsella pneumoniaand Pseudomonas aeroginosa were the most frequent isolate organism.The antibiotic profile of these organisms were varies as the site of infection varies. Citrobacter fruindiiand E.coliwere the most drug resistance bacteria.Based on their resistance characteristic 53.9%of E.coli, and 50% of C.fruindiiwere multidrug resistance (MDR)andP.mirabiliswas the most susceptible organism for antibiotics.Generally, patients with HCAI, the average length of stays and health service cost increased by 2.1 and 2.8 time than non-infected patients, respectively. Conclusion: The major risk factor for HCAI in Adama hospital were, surgery, non-surgical skin break, using of urinary catheter, and ventilator. Patients pains due to HCAI inflated by the presence of renal disease, diabetics, and major surgery.