Overview and Application of Soybean Genomics Study

2021 
Soybean, one of the most important oil and economic crops, originated in China and Eastern Asia and has an ability to improve soil environment through symbiotic nitrogen fixation. Genome sequence data is the significant foundation of current breeding and crop improvement. The first assemble reference genome of cultivated soybean was established in 2010, following with a serial of genome sequence programs of wild and cultivated soybean accessions. The accumulation of genomic sequencing data–expedited transcriptome analysis, proteomics research and epigenetic studies, and lots of genome comparative analyses of domesticated and undomesticated soybean facilitated significantly studies on agronomic traits. Based on these sequence and expression information, lots of important genes participated in agronomic traits, symbiotic nitrogen fixation, and stress-resistance were identified, which brought the soybean research to a new level. Combining genomic information with some modern biotechnologies, such as genome editing, genomic selection, and genome-wide association study, has become a normal strategy for soybean breeding with high adaptability, quality, and productivity varieties. This chapter primarily described the overview of soybean genomics, the development of functional genomics, and the remarkable progress in soybean breeding and improvement with the help of genomic data mining and approaches in recent years.
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