Investigação da atividade citotóxica, antibacteriana e imunomoduladora do extrato metanólico de Rhizophora Mangle Linneus (Rhizophoraceae)

Rhizophora mangle (Rhizophoracea) is one of the most well-known species of mangroves, known as red mangrove or pen mangrove, has been used in folk medicine for the treatment of several pathologies. This study aimed to investigate the antimicrobial activity of Rhizophora mangle (MELRm) leaf methanolic extract in Gram positive and negative bacteria, multiresistant and isolated from wounds and cytotoxic and immunomodulatory activities in human cells stimulated with MELRm. This is a preclinical study developed from March 2016 to June 2017. The botanical material was collected in the Mangue da Itamaraca, Vila Velha district in the state of Pernambuco - Brazil, authorized by Empresa Pernambucana de Control of Environmental Pollution and Water Resources Administration (CA DFRB N. 120 / 2014o). The extract was produced from the constant flow extraction by the Low Bubble Point method. The phytochemical characterization of the extract was performed by the thin layer chromatography (CCD) on silica gel plates to identify the secondary compounds. The assays against Gram-positive and negative bacteria were performed by analyzing the disk diffusion and Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (CMB) parameters. Splenocytes from the mice (106 cells) were treated with MELRm at 50, 25, 10 and 5 μg / ml. Cell viability analysis was performed by the annexin V-FITC test and staining with propidium iodide at MELRm concentration of 50, 25, 12.5 and 6 μg / mL. Measurement of cytokine and chemokine levels in lymphocyte supernatants was performed by the CBA, in vitro nitric oxide analysis and proliferation assay with CFSE in vitro Were performed for the immunological profile. MELRm presented flavonoids, saponins, polymeric proanthocyanidins, monoterpenes and triterpenes in their composition. MELRm showed antimicrobial activity mainly for Grampositive bacteria S. aureus and for Pseudomona aeruginosa. The 25 μg / mL concentration did not promote sig- nificant necrosis or apoptosis. IL-2, IL-6, TNF-α, INF-y and nitric oxide were produced at higher values by MELRm and IL-4 stimulated mice splenocytes were produced in a smaller but statistically significant number. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that Rhizophora mangle presented moderate antibacterial activity according to MIC levels, did not show cytotoxic activity and presented immunomodulatory activity in mice splenocytes inducing the Th1 profile and suggesting an alternative therapeutic potential of this Plant for effective treatment of wounds. Conclusion: Based on these findings, it can be concluded that Rhizophora mangle presented moderate antibacterial activity according to MIC levels, did not show cytotoxic activity and presented immunomodulatory activity in mice splenocytes inducing the Th1 profile and suggesting an alternative therapeutic potential of this Plant for effective treatment of wounds.