A Rare Case of Brachial Artery Aneurysm Following Hemodialysis Fistula Ligation in a Transplanted Patient

Aneurysmal arterial dilatation is an infrequent complication following arteriovenous fistula ligation. Herein, we are describing a case in which a 49-year-old transplanted patient developed a true, symptomatic, brachial artery aneurysm 25 years after transplantation and 12 years after ligation of his radiocephalic wrist fistula. Treating strategy included aneurysmectomy and reversed vein interposition using ipsilateral, dilated branch of cephalic vein. Two years postoperatively, the patient remains without complications. Moreover, we mention the pathophysiologic mechanisms that may have contributed to this phenomenon.