Minimally invasive posterior lumbar fusion techniques

Minimally invasive approaches for lumbar spinal fusion have advanced considerably over the past decade. The underlying goal of these procedures is to perform a successful arthrodesis while minimizing destruction to normal soft tissues. In this manner, it is anticipated that patients will experience a reduction in postoperative pain, improved physiologic muscle function, and better cosmesis when compared with standard open spinal surgery. Contemporary techniques for minimally invasive posterior lumbar pedicle-screw fusion can be categorized as true percutaneous, through a tubular dilator retractor, and muscle splitting. Each of these approaches is associated with specific advantages and drawbacks.