Pharmacokinetic interaction between oral metoprolol and verapamil for angina pectoris

Abstract Antihypertensive and antianginal actions of β-adrenoceptor blocking agents and calcium antagonists are synergistic. 1 However, combination use is compromised by adverse effects. 2–5 Although pharmacodynamic synergism contributes to adverse reactions, recent studies suggest that the combination of lipophilic β-blocking drugs with calcium-blocking agents results in pharmacokinetic interactions. 6 In the present study we investigated the possibility of pharmacokinetic interaction between metoprolol and verapamil for angina pectoris.