The evolution of improved and simplified superovulation protocols in cattle
2012
Superovulationprotocolshaveimprovedgreatlysincetheearlydaysofbovineembryotransferwhenpurified gonadotrophinswerenotavailable,follicularwavedynamicswereunknownphysiologicalphenomenaandprostaglandins were not available. Although superstimulatory protocols in cattle are normally initiated mid-cycle, elective control of follicularwaveemergenceandovulationhavehadagreatimpactontheapplicationofon-farmembryotransfer.However, the most common treatment for the synchronisation of follicular wave emergence involves the use of oestradiol, which cannot be used in many parts of the world. Therefore, the need for alternative treatments has driven recent research. An approach that has shown promise is to initiate follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) treatments at the time of the emergence of the new follicular wave following ovulation induced by gonadotrophin-releasing hormone. Alternatively, it has been shownthatitmaybepossibletoignorefollicularwavestatusand,byextendingthetreatmentprotocol,inducesubordinate follicles to superovulate. Finally, the short half-life of pituitary FSH necessitates twice-daily treatments, which are time- consuming, stressful and subject to error. Recent treatment protocols have permitted superstimulation with a single FSH treatment or two treatments 48h apart, reducing the need for animal handling during gonadotrophin treatments.
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