Assessing Azinphos-methyl Resistance in New York State Codling Moth Populations

he codling moth (CM) Cydia pomonella (Linnaeus), a European native, is a principal insect pest of pome fruit throughout much of the world. A member of the lepidopteran family Tortricidae, it is a bivoltine moth, having two generations in most of the U.S. including New York State. A partial third generation exists in the Pacifi c Northwest. Introduced to the New World during the earliest years of pome fruit production the codling moth has historically been a very diffi cult insect to control. It was not until the development of the synthetic insecticides, broadspectrum materials with extended residual, contact and feeding effi cacy, that economic damage imposed by this insect was, for a period, curtailed. Th e larvae overwinter in cocoons on the trunk and limbs,