Pediatric HIV: Current recommendations for diagnosis and treatment

In the scope of human disease, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a relatively novel discovery, first recognized in 1981. The main affects of the virus on the human body are through destruction and dysregulation of the immune system. Although great advances have been made in treatment of HIV infections, there is still no cure. Our understanding of the disease continues to evolve with ongoing research in the field. This article reviews our current knowledge and recommendations regarding the pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of HIV in the pediatric population.