Modified PO–PO hybrid method for scattering of 2D ship model on the rough sea surface

The hybrid physical optics–physical optics (PO–PO) method was introduced in the previous works to compute the electromagnetic scattering from an object above a random rough surface. Here, first, the conventional PO–PO method is applied to find the scattering from a simple smooth two-dimensional (2D) perfect electric conductor (PEC) object on a one-dimensional (1D) rough PEC surface. Then, this method is modified to be used to calculate the scattering from a complex sharp-cornered 2D PEC target on the 1D random rough PEC surface. In addition, here, the physical theory of diffraction is utilised to take into account the diffraction from the edges of the target. The accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method are validated by the method of moments.