LEUCEMIE MYELOIDE CHRONIQUE CHEZ UN NOURRISSON VU AU SERVICE D’HEMATOLOGIE ONCOLOGIE DU CHUJRA ANTANANARIVO “CHRONIC MYELOID LEUKEMIA IN A INFANT SEEN AT THE SERVICE OF HEMATOLOGY ONCOLOGY OF CHUJRA ANTANANARIVO”

Introduction: Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is a myeloproliferative disorder due to monoclonal myeloid proliferation without maturation blockade, predominant in the granular lineage. Our goal is to report a case of chronic myeloid leukemia in an infant to clarify the particularity of management and follow-up. Observation: This was an 18-month-old male infant who was referred for splenomegaly. The blood count showed leukocytosis at 450Giga / L with balanced myelemia. The Philadelphia chromosome was positive for cytogenetic examination of the bone marrow. The patient had received specific treatment with Imatinib. Clinical and haematological remission was obtained after 2 months of treatment. No side effects were noted. Discussion: Chronic myelogenous leukemia is rare in infants. The therapeutic protocol in children is not yet standardized but only obtained from that of the adult. Management requires increased surveillance to try to detect early side effects, especially stunting. Conclusion: Our patient is the first, youngest diagnosed with chronic myeloid leukemia in Madagascar. Treatment evolution was favorable, but long-term side effects remain to be monitored.   Keywords: Chronic myelogenous leukemia, infant, tyrosine kinase inhibitor, Madagascar