Evaluation of common risk factors related with breast carcinoma in females: A hospital based study in Karachi, Pakistan

Materials & Methods: A case control study was conducted on females, age group between 30-80. This study was done by a retrospective data collection from a proforma obtained prior to mammography in Aga Khan University Hospital Karachi, Pakistan. A total of 108 females with primary malignancy of breast were included and 108 controls were also included from same data. Cases were defined as female patients with a histo-pathological proof of breast malignancy. An equal number of controls were selected from same cohort of patient. The controls were healthy with normal mammogram. Relationship of these factors with disease was studied using logistic regression to calculate Odds ratios (ORs) and 95 % confidence interval (CIs). Male cases were excluded and exclusion criteria for controls were those with endocrine disorders, known malignant, hormonal disease, gynecological diseases.