Presiones Deportivas y Disposición Óptima Combativa (Sports Pressures and Optimal Combative Disposition)

La competicion es el campo de prueba del deportista, donde experimentan Presiones Precompetitivas (PP), que influyen en la esfera psiquica, conductual y actitudinal del atleta. Los deportistas independiente de la edad, especialidad, experiencia deportiva, vivencian y afrontan las PP de diferente manera. El objetivo del estudio fue relacionar PP con la Disposicion Optima Combativa (DOC) y el Rendimiento Deportivo (RD), en deportistas que practican natacion, triatlon, ciclismo y atletismo. El abordaje metodologico de tipo cuantitativo con diseno transversal; considerando las etapas del macrociclo de entrenamiento, se aplico los instrumentos: Coeficiente de Valoracion (CV); Perfiles del Estado de Animo (POMS); indice de rendimiento deportivo (IRP); sintoma de la carga psiquica de Frester (SCP); entrevista de rendimiento deportivo (RD). Se aplico el metodo cientifico e hipotetico deductivo; la tecnica de entrevista y observacion directa de manifestaciones fenomenicas visibles durante los entrenamientos y competencias. La hipotesis probo una correlacion negativa media ( r =-65); aceptando el vinculo entre las variables; es decir, a mayor presion psicologica, menor disposicion optima combativa; Los resultados demostraron que las PP externas e internas, estan asociadas significativamente con en el RD, en dependencia del CV; si este es positivo, mejorara el RD, es el caso de los atletas y ciclistas, quienes convierten las PP en retos, generando actitudes y expectativas que estimulan a una DOC y mejor RD acorde a las posibilidades y proyecciones. Finalmente, el estudio subrayo la necesidad del entrenamiento psicologico, para el desarrollo de las habilidades y destrezas psiquicas. Abstract . Competition is athletes' test field, where they experience precompetitive pressures (PP). Those experiences influence athletes’ psychic, behavioral, and attitudinal spheres. Regardless of age, specialty, or performance, sportsmen are frequently exposed to PP in different ways. The objective of this research was to relate PP with optimal combative disposition (DOC), and sports performance (RD) in athletes who practice swimming, triathlon, cycling, and running. The study utilizes a quantitative approach with a transversal design, taking into account the stages of training macrocycle. The instruments administered were: valuation coefficient (CV), Profiles of the State of Mind (POMS), sports performance Index (IRP), symptom of Frester's psychic burden (SCP), and sports performance interview (RD). The scientific and hypothetical deductive method was applied; techniques of interviewing and direct phenomena observation were performed during training and competitions. The hypothesis tested a mean negative correlation (r = -65) accepting the correlation between variables; that is, to greater psychological pressure, less optimal combative disposition. The results showed that both external and internal PP are significantly associated with RD. Moreover, external and internal PP are dependent on CV; if CV is positive, RD will improve, as the case of athletes and cyclists. They have transformed their PP into challenges, generating attitudes and expectations that stimulate DOC and better RD according to the possibilities or projections. Finally, the study emphasized the need for psychological training, for the development of psychic abilities and skills.