Дифференциально-диагностические признаки начальной глаукомы у пациентов с миопией высокой степени

Clinical and population-based studies have shown that moderate and high myopia is associated with an increased risk of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), normal pressure glaucoma, and ophthalmic hypertension. The combination of these eye pathologies amplifies the risk of decreased vision and can lead to blindness. In eyes with myopia, false overdiagnosis or underdiagnosis are common when specific differences between glaucoma and myopic changes are not taken into account. Therefore, it is necessary to develop standards for the diagnosis and monitoring of the glaucoma process in patients with axial myopia, especially considering that the diversity of data, as well as the inconsistency of ideas about the typical signs of glaucoma in patients with myopia, make it difficult to diagnose, and can result in late detection and decrease in the effectiveness of observation of this group of patients. This review analyzes the results of various diagnostic methods for glaucoma in patients with axial myopia, and pays special attention to functional and anatomical changes in axial myopia and glaucoma.