Nanoprobe-Mediated Precise Imaging and Therapy of Glioma

Gliomas are the most common primary brain tumors in adults, accounting for 80% of primary intracranial tumors. Due to the heterogeneous and infiltration nature of malignant gliomas and the hinderance of blood brain barrier (BBB), it is very difficult to accurately image and differentiate the malignant grade of gliomas, thus significantly influencing the diagnostic accuracy and subsequent surgery or therapy. In recent years, the rapid development of emerging nanoprobes provides a promising opportunity for the diagnosis and treatment of gliomas. After rational component regulation and surface modification, functional nanoprobes could efficiently cross BBB, target gliomas, and realize single-modal or multi-modal imaging of gliomas with high clarity. Moreover, these contrast nanoagents could also be conjugated with therapeutic drugs and cure cancerous tissues at the same time. Herein, we focus on the design strategies of nanoprobes for effective crossing of BBB, and introduce the recent advances in the precise imaging and therapy of gliomas using functional nanoprobes. Finally, we also discuss the perspective on the challenge and future direction of nanoprobe-based diagnosis and treatment of gliomas.