Bladder Cancer: Clinical Aspects and Management

Nearly 52,000 new cases of bladder cancer and 10,000 deaths were reported in the United States in 1994.1 Although the incidence of bladder cancer has been steadily climbing, the 5-year survival, including all disease stages, has been improving. Bladder cancer is heterogeneous, ranging from superficial papillary lesions (Fig. 7.1) with little malignant potential to invasive tumors (Fig. 7.2) that have metastasized at diagnosis. (See color insert for figures.)