Galacto-oligosaccharide Supplementation Modulates Pathogen-Commensal Competition between Streptococcus agalactiae and Streptococcus salivarius.
2021
The members of the infant microbiome are governed by feeding choice (breastmilk vs. formula). Regardless of feeding choice, a competitive growth advantage can be provided to commensals through prebiotics - either human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) or plant oligosaccharides that are supplemented into formula. To characterize how prebiotics modulate commensal - pathogen interactions, we have designed and studied a minimal microbiome where a pathogen, Streptococcus agalactiae engages with a commensal, Streptococcus salivarius . We discovered that while S. agalactiae suppresses the growth of S. salivarius via increased lactic acid production, galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) supplementation reverses the effect. This result has major implications in characterizing how single species survive in the gut, what niche they occupy, and how they engage with other community members.
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