Efecto de dos Tipos de Material de Cama sobre la Carga Parasitaria de Cerdos en Crecimiento y Engorde Alojados en Cama Profunda

Para determinar el efecto de dos tipos de material de cama sobre la carga parasitaria de cerdos en crecimiento y engorde alojados en cama profunda, se realizo un ensayo utilizando 92 cerdos machos inmunocastrados, con peso inicial promedio de 30 kg y 70 d de edad, hasta peso de finalizacion. Se utilizo un diseno completamente al azar, con dos tratamientos basados en el material de cama, heno de gramineas (HG) y concha de arroz (CA), con seis replicas y 46 animales/tratamiento distribuidos segun una densidad de 1,37 cerdos/ m². Se aministro ad libitum un alimento comercial. Durante 90 d se evaluo la cantidad de material de cama requerido por animal (CCA), la humedad de la cama (HC), emision de amonio (EAC), composicion quimica de la cama, zonas de uso (% area limpia y sucia), presencia de ectoparasitos (PE), carga parasitaria en la cama (CPC) y heces de los cerdos (CPH). Los datos obtenidos fueron analizados utilizando el metodo PROC GENMOD del paquete estadistico SAS. Se encontraron diferencias significativas (P< 0,05) entre HG y CA, para las variables CCA (107,32 y 84,157 kg/animal/ciclo), EAC (9,462 y 3,3274 ppm), PE (14,04 y 4,34 moscas/animal/d), zonas de uso y composicion quimica de la cama en sus fracciones de nitrogeno, proteina, fibra, grasa cruda, ceniza y fosforo. No se encontraron diferencias significativas para CPC, pero si para CPH. La CA presento caracteristicas de HC, EAC, CPH y zonas de uso mas favorables que la HG. La presencia de ectoparasitos fue mayor en los cerdos alojados en cama con HG. Ademas, se requirio menor cantidad de material de cama por animal en CA comparado con HG. Abstract To determine the effect of two types of bedding material on parasitic burden in growing and fattening pigs housed in deep litter, an assay was conducted using 92 immune castrated males, with an average initial weight of 30.00 kg and 70 days old until finalization weight. A completely randomized design was used, with two treatments based on bedding material, as follows: grass hay (GH) and rice husk (RH), with six replicates/ treatment and 46 animals/treatment, according to a density of 1.37 pigs/m². A commercial feed was given ad libitum. During the course of 90 days was evaluated: amount of bedding material required per animal (ABA), bedding moisture (BM) ammonia emission (AE), chemical composition of the bed, areas of use (% of clean and dirty area), presence of ectoparasites (PE), parasite burden in bed (PBB) and feces of pigs (PBF). The data obtained were analyzed using the PROC GENMOD methodology, of the Statistical Analysis System (SAS). Statistically significant (P<0.05) differences were found between GH and RH for the variables ABA (107.32 and 84.157 kg/animal/cycle), AE (9.462 and 3.3274 ppm), PE (14.04, and 4.34 flies/animal/day), areas of use and chemical composition of the bed in their nitrogen, protein, fiber, crude fat, ash and phosphorus fractions:. No significant differences between treatments were found for PBB. In contrast, significant differences were shown for PBF. The presence of ectoparasites in pigs housed in deep litter with HG was greater. Additionally, a less amount of bed material was required per animal with RH, in comparison with HG.