A method for viscosity reduction cleavage Gathering Pipeline salt heavy and apparatus

The invention relates to a cracking viscosity reducing method and a device for oil field ground collected and conveyed salt-containing thick oil, which are characterized in that a mode of carrying out superficial heat cracking on the salt-containing thick oil through overheated steam is utilized, quantitative overheated steam is introduced into low water-containing thick oil, quantitative salt resistance catalysts are added, certain temperature and pressure are controlled in a tower, in a certain reaction time, the superficial cracking is carried out on the salt-containing thick oil, and the irreversible reduction of the viscosity is realized. The pressure of a modified thick oil cracking reaction device is 0.5MPa to 5.0MPa, the temperature is between 180 DEG C and 350 DEG C, the reaction time in the modified thick oil cracking reaction device is 0.5hr and 4.0hr, the mass parts of the introduced overheated steam are 5 percent to 20 percent (through being metered by raw oil), the mass parts of the added salt resistance catalysts are 0.01 percent to 1.0 percent (through being metered by raw oil, and the original thick oil density is greater than 0.9750g/cm ), the thick oil viscosity reducing cracking conversion rate is 15 percent to 30 percent, and the viscosity reducing rate is higher than 90 percent.