Epoxidation of propylene on Zn-treated TS-1 catalyst

Abstract Direct propylene epoxidation with H 2 O 2 performed on zinc salts pre-treated TS-1 has disclosed the specific role of zinc in the framework, changing the Ti-active site properties towards the reaction. When zinc is present, the donor property of the reaction solvent to Ti-site increases and the Ti–OOH electrophilicity reduces, giving rise to a high propylene oxide selectivity well-evidenced by a lower experimental by-product formation. Quantum mechanical calculations show that, regardless of zinc presence, the bond distances of substituents at titanium appears too large to justify the formation of a well-defined Clerici-like cycle. On the contrary, a larger cycle in which the silanol is shared between alcoholic and hydroperoxide groups coordinated on Ti-site results much more reasonable. We suggest the propylene epoxidation can occur at Ti-site by a cyclic reaction scheme in which a hydroperoxide oxygen abstraction by propylene double bond is promoted by a concerted electronic rearrangement and protonic transfer involving silanol and alcoholic groups to form water and propylene oxide.