In vitro characterization of new biphasic scaffolds in the sub-system Ca3(PO4)2–Ca5SiP2O12

Abstract This work examines the in vitro bioactivity and biocompatibility of new biphasic scaffolds from eutectoid ceramic composition corresponding to the sub-system Ca3(PO4)2–Ca5SiP2O12, to evaluate their possible approach in bone tissue engineering. Scaffolds were synthesized by polymer replica method. Polyurethane sponges with desired pore size and geometry were used as templates, which were impregnated in barbotine and sintered by heat treatment. In vitro bioactivity was evaluated by different soaking times in simulated body fluid (SBF), according to Kokubo's method. Biocompatibility of adult human mesenchymal stem cells (ah-MSCs), in terms of adhesion and proliferation, were studied in vitro on the scaffolds' surface. Samples were characterized from mineralogical, chemical and microstructural point of view. Results showed that the bioactivity raised with increasing soaking time in SBF, giving place to a bone-like apatite surface transformation within 21 days. The ah-MSCs adhered and proliferated on the scaffolds' surface, establishing a close contact between them and forming an extensive monolayer to 21 days. Scaffolds presented a good in vitro bioactivity and biocompatibility then, they might be effective in future applications for bone tissue engineering.