On the antiquity of Legg–Calvé–Perthes disease: Skeletal evidence in Iron Age Italy

Abstract Legg–Calve–Perthes is a very rare disease involving childhood osteochondrosis of the femoral head due to interruption of its blood supply. The etiology is unknown. The signs of the pathology are well described in the literature but few paleopathological cases have been reported, mostly dating from Late Antiquity to Early Middle Ages. Here we report on morphometric and radiological analyses of a skeleton from the Etruscan necropolis of Spina (Ferrara, Italy, 6th–3rd century BCE), to our knowledge the most ancient case of Legg–Calve–Perthes disease published thus far.