Deployment of Traps in a Barrier Strategy to Reduce Populations of the European Elm Bark Beetle, and the Incidence of Dutch Elm Disease

Dutch elm disease (DED) is caused by a fungus, Ceratocystis ulmi (Buisman) C. Moreau, that infests the vascular systems of elms and forms sticky masses of conidial spores (coremia) in cavities under the bark of the diseased portions of the tree. These spores have been detected on many arthropods that are found beneath the bark of diseased elms, but only bark beetles are an efficient vector because only they frequently visit or inflict wounds in healthy elms deposition of spores in wounds is necessary for infection.