Additives for increasing the completeness of combustion of diesel fuels

Data on the consumption of hydrocarbon fuels indicate a stable trend toward increasing use of heavier fractions. This trend reflects the increasing use of tertiary oil recovery methods and more severe processing in the refinery. Another factor is the widespread dieselization of the automotive fleet. The field of application for diesel engines is expanding constantly; however, the use of heavier fuels results in higher toxicity of the exhaust gas and nozzle plugging in the engine. Another problem introduced with the increasing use of diesels is the greater amount of soot in the exhaust in comparison with carburetor engines. The simplest method for lowering the toxicity of engine exhaust is the use of fuels with antismoke additives. This paper reviews a number of additives and their effects: (1) carboxyl dispersants, (2) amino dispersants, (3) mannich dispersants, (4) products from the treatment of the previous three dispersants, and (5) polymeric dispersants.