Recent advances in reproductive biology of stingless bees

The reproductive biology of stingless bees is poorly understood, especially when compared to other groups of social bees with great ecological and economic importance. However, research on this topic has grown over the past few years, mostly driven by technological advances in molecular biology. Here, we aimed to review several recent developments in the research of stingless bee reproduction, including the mating systems of stingless bees, reproductive strategies of queens, inbreeding and diploid male production, as well as conflicts over male production. We also briefly explore topics that have not substantially advanced, highlighting the gaps that need to be further investigated. Understanding the reproductive biology of stingless bees can aid conservation efforts for these important pollinators and improve management practices that promote their sustainable economic use.