Gender and socioeconomic differences in modifiable risk factors for Alzheimer’s disease and other types of dementia throughout the life course

Abstract Prevention strategies are essential to addressing the global challenge of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and dementia and to reducing their enormous impact on individuals, families, and communities around the world. This chapter reviews the available evidence on how gender affects modifiable risk factors for AD and other dementias. It finds that persistent gender-based inequalities place women at a disadvantage for many modifiable risk factors contributing to these diseases. Moreover, the intersection of socioeconomic disadvantage and gender inequality can compound existing inequalities, with women often particularly affected by the impact of low socioeconomic status on health outcomes. While some gender-based inequalities in modifiable risk factors have been reduced in recent years, others have become more prevalent and will likely put many people at a higher risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias in the years to come. The chapter stresses that a population health approach and a focus on promoting equity in health and access to care are critical to reducing the risk of AD and other dementias.