Dispersion, availability, and antimicrobial activity of silver nanoparticles during application to drinking water of the poultry

Abstract The applications of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) as an antimicrobial agent in agriculture and animal farm products raise concerns about their fate and risk in the water environment. In this study, AgNPs dispersion in terms of aggregation and sedimentation, and antibacterial activity were analyzed in poultry farm water and compared with the similar mechanisms in de-ionized (DI) water. The analysis of farm water samples revealed that the concentrations of inorganic like chloride, fluoride, nitrate, and sulfate and total organic matter were higher than the permissible limits mainly because the water was from shallow well and untreated. The significant increased (p