Creating Tactile Emotional Expressions Based on Breathing Patterns

This paper presents an efficient and direct method to transform emotional signals into tactile signals. The tactile expressions were implemented with a triangle wave oscillator from an open-source library. To gather user experiences and design implications, one study was carried out to evaluate whether the tactile expressions could enhance the emotional experience with the visual emoji. Results indicate that the proposed vibration patterns can enhance the expressiveness of emoji icons and that they can also be used independently from the visual media.