Global Optimization of Steamflooding in Complex Heavy Oil Reservoirs

els (relatively homogenous, fully heterogeneous & discontinuous channeled reservoirs) were used. The objective function was the flood’s net present value (NPV) and Covariance Matrix Adaptation Evolution Strategy (CMA-ES) was used as the optimizer. Results indicated that NPV could be increased significantly for Case 2 in all the models. Discontinuity in heavy oil reservoirs would not be a problem if the optimum well placement is considered