Arcada dentária reduzida: conceitos e atualidades: revisão da literatura

Objetivos: evidenciar as vantagens e desvantagens do conceito de arcada dentaria reduzida na reabilitacao dos pacientes com protese convencional e protese sobre implantes, ampliando as opcoes de tratamento aos pacientes. Revisao de literatura: o conceito restaurador tradicional faz com que a denticao entre num ciclo de reparo permanente, mais de 50% dos trabalhos restauradores consistem no reparo de restauracoes previas. A arcada dentaria reduzida tem sido estudada ja ha bastante tempo e ha evidencias que atestam a sua previsibilidade como opcao nos tratamentos odontologicos. Discussao: a arcada dentaria reduzida e indicada para simplificar o plano de tratamento, mas e importante considerar suas limitacoes em pacientes jovens, por terem um alto requerimento funcional, pacientes com mordida aberta anterior, pacientes com relacao oclusal tipo Classe II e III severa, desgastes oclusais severos e pacientes bruxistas. Conclusao: o tratamento dentario visa manter a funcao natural da denticao durante a vida, incluindo as funcoes sociais e biologicas, como a auto-estima, estetica, fonetica, mastigacao e conforto bucal. A filosofia da arcada dentaria reduzida atende a todos esses requisitos, ampliando as opcoes de tratamento aos pacientes.(AU) Aim: To highlight the advantages and disadvantages of the concept of shortened dental arch in the rehabilitation of a dentition with conventional and implant supported prosthesis, expanding treatment options to patients. Review: The traditional restorative concept makes the dentition a cycle of permanent repair, more than 50% of the restorative treatments consists on the repair of previous restorations. The shortened dental arch has been studied for some time and there is evidence that shows its predictability as an option in dental treatments. Discussion: The shortened dental arch is indicated to simplify the treatment plan, but it is important to consider their limitations in young patients that frequently have a high requirement for functionality, in patients with anterior open bite or with occlusal relationship type Class II and III, severe occlusal wear and in patients with bruxism. Conclusion: Dental treatment aims to maintain the natural function of the dentition during life, including social and biological functions, such as self-esteem, aesthetics, phonetics, chewing and oral comfort. The philosophy of the shortened dental arch meets all these requirements, expanding treatment options to patients. (AU)