Porfirias cutáneas: estudio retrospectivo de 35 años en el Hospital Posadas
2017
Las porfirias son un grupo de enfermedades ocasionadas por defectos en la produccion del hemo, lo que deriva en la acumulacion de precursores toxicos. Cada tipo de porfiria presenta un deficit especifico que da lugar a un patron caracteristico de acumulacion y excrecion de porfirinas o de sus precursores. La acumulacion de estos productos intermedios es responsable de las manifestaciones clinicas. Estas incluyen fotosensibilidad, fragilidad cutanea, ampollas, hipertricosis y cicatrices. Los sintomas sistemicos pueden incluir dolor abdominal, trastornos neuropsiquiatricos, anemia y enfermedad hepatica. Se realizo un estudio retrospectivo en el que se revisaron las historias clinicas de los pacientes con diagnostico de porfiria cutanea atendidos en el Servicio de Dermatologia del Hospital Nacional Prof. A. Posadas en los ultimos 35 anos. Se obtuvieron 56 pacientes con diagnostico de porfiria cutanea, 54 casos de porfiria cutanea tardia y 2 casos (madre e hija) de porfiria eritropoyetica. Las caracteristicas clinicas mas frecuentes fueron: hiperpigmentacion, ampollas, fragilidad cutanea, fotosensibilidad y cicatrices. Las asociaciones con serologias mas frecuentes fueron HIV y HCV, y respecto de otras patologias, la mas hallada fue el alcoholismo. Palabras clave: porfirias cutaneas, porfiria cutanea tardia. Dermatol. Argent. 2017, 23 (2):73-79 Cutaneous porphyrias: a 35 years retrospective study in the Posadas Hospital Abstract Porphyrias are a group of diseases that are produced by defects in the production of heme, resulting in the accumulation of toxic precursors. Each type of porphyria presents a specific deficit resulting in a characteristic pattern of accumulation and excretion of porphyrins or their precursors. The accumulation of these intermediate products is responsible for the clinical manifestations. These include photosensitivity, skin fragility, blisters, hypertrichosis and scarring. Systemic symptoms may include abdominal pain, neuropsychiatric disorders, anemia, and liver disease. A retrospective study was carried out in which we reviewed clinical histories of patients diagnosed with cutaneous porphyria treated at the Dermatology Service of the National Hospital Prof. A. Posadas in the last 35 years. We obtained 56 patients with a diagnosis of cutaneous porphyria, 54 cases of porphyria cutanea tarda and 2 cases (mother and daughter) of erythropoietic porphyria. The most frequent clinical features were: hyperpigmentation, blistering, skin fragility, photosensitivity and scarring. The most common serological associations were HIV and HCV; and with respect to other pathologies, the most frequently found was alcoholism. Key words: Cutaneous porphyria, porphyria cutanea tarda. Dermatol. Argent. 2017, 23 (2):73-79
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