Modeling and analysis of the effects of nano-oil additives on wear properties of AISI 4140 steel material using mixture design:

The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of nano-oil additives on the wear properties of AISI 4140 steel material. This paper also introduces an application of mixture design to the development of a new proportion formulation for nano-oil additives dispersed in engine oil (SAE10W) to enhance lubrication. A mixture design procedure was performed on the basis of design, modeling, optimization, and confirmation steps. Based on a simplex lattice design, a cubic model was established as a function of the nanoparticle fractions. The optimal proportions were obtained by considering the cross-sectional area of the wear profile. A 77.81% decrease compared to the base oil was obtained by using ZnO and carbon nanotubes.