GeoCARB image navigation and registration performance
2013
The geoCARB sensor uses a 4-channel slit-scan infrared imaging spectrometer to measure the absorption spectra of
sunlight reflected from the ground in narrow wavelength regions. The instrument, which is to be hosted on a
geostationary communication satellite, is designed to provide continual monitoring of greenhouse gas over continental
scales, several times per day, with a spatial resolution of a few kilometers. The paper discusses the image navigation and
registration (INR) of the geoCARB optical footprints on to the earth’s surface.
The instrument acquires data in a step and stare mode with 4.08 s stare time and 0.34s step time on 1016 footprints
spaced by 2.7 km at nadir in the NS direction along the slit, which is stepped in 3 km EW increments. Knowledge of the
instrument line of sight is obtained through use of a dual-head star tracker system (STS), high-precision optical encoders
for the scan mirrors, a GPS receiver, and a highly stable common optical bench to which the instrument components, the
scan mirror assembly, and the heads of the STS are kinematically mounted.
While attitude disturbances due to jitter and solar array flex affect spatial resolution, we show that the effect on INR is
negligible. GeoCARB performs a star sighting every 30 minutes to compensate for its diurnal alignment variation
relative to the STS, enabling a 1 sigma INR accuracy of 0.38 and 0.51 km at nadir in the NS and EW directions,
respectively. Coastline identification may be used to improve accuracy by 6%, while an additional 20% improvement is
achievable through identification of systematic errors via extensive post-processing. The paper quantifies all error
sources and describes how each of them affects overall INR accuracy.
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