Improved T cell responses to Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein in mice and monkeys induced by a novel formulation of RTS,S vaccine antigen.

Summary Protection against Plasmodium falciparum sporozoite infection can be achieved by vaccination with the recombinant circumsporozoite protein-based vaccine RTS,S formulated with the AS02A Adjuvant System. Since this protection is only partial and wanes over time, we have developed a new RTS,S-based vaccine adjuvanted with AS01B. RTS,S/AS01B-induced high specific antibody titers and increased the frequency of mouse CD4 + and CD8 + T cells expressing IFN-γ, and of monkey CD4 + T cells expressing IL-2 and/or IFN-γ and/or TNF-α upon stimulation with vaccine antigens. Our data provides clear evidence that combining RTS,S antigen with a potent adjuvant induces strong humoral and cellular responses in vivo .