Differential IgE reactivity to Der p 1 and Der p 2 allergens of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus in mite-sensitized patients

Summary. Several studies have shown that the presence of IgE antibodies to house dust mites (HDM), particularly Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Dpt), is an important risk factor for asthma. Allergen immunotherapy is indicated for patients with IgE antibodies to clinically relevant allergens. The aims of this study were to analyze the levels of specific serum IgE to Der p 1 and Der p 2 allergens in mite-sensitized atopic patients and to compare them with both in vivo (skin prick test) and in vitro (IgE-ELISA) sensitizations to Dpt crude extract. Forty-seven atopic patients with allergic rhinitis with or without intermittent or persistent mild asthma and positive skin prick test (SPT) to Dpt total extract were studied. Thirty age-matched healthy subjects with negative SPT to HDM were included as controls. Levels of total IgE and Dpt-, Der p 1- and Der p 2-specific IgE were measured by ELISAs in SPT-positive atopic patients and SPT-negative control subjects. Among 47 symptomatic atopic patients, 27 (57.4%) were double positive IgE to Der p 1 and Der p 2 allergens, 3 (6.4%) were single positive IgE to Der p 1, 4 (8.5%) were single positive IgE to Der p 2, and 13 (27.6%) were double negative IgE to both allergens. There was a significant correlation between Der p 1- and Der p 2-specific IgE levels, but not between Der p 1- or Der p 2-IgE levels and SPT results. The double negative IgE patients had the smallest skin test reactions although they showed high mean levels of total serum IgE. Therefore, the knowledge of specific IgE levels to Der p 1 and Der p 2 major allergens might support physicians for indication or follow-up in mite-sensitized patients under allergen-specific immunotherapy. These approaches might be important for obtaining improved safety and efficacy of the current clinical practice of allergen immunotherapy.