Эндокринология когнитивных расстройств: возможности менопаузальной гормональной терапии

In this paper we review molecular, cellular, tissue specific and systemic mechanisms of neuroprotective properties of sex steroids (oestrogens, progestogens, androgens). According to the findings obtained from animal and clinical studies, deficit of these sex steroids in the peri- and postmenopause period may lead to reduction of neuroplasticity and neurogenesis. Continuous deficiency of sex steroids causes irreversible neurodegenerative changes. Administration of oestrogen as a menopausal hormone therapy reduces risks of developing such neurodegenerative conditions as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease and vascular dementia. Additionally, progestogens and androgens also possess stress and neuroprotective properties and can strengthen the effects of oestrogens. In the perimenopause period a decrease in physical activity, asthenia, sexual dysfunction, higher vulnerability to psychological stress are observed due to androgens deficiency. Therefore, androgens or progestagenes with androgen characteristics treatment significantly enhances neuroprotective effects of oestrogenes and increases quality of life of women in menopause period.