Second-generation lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 inhibitors: 1H-imidazo[1,2-α]imidazol-2-one derivatives

A novel class of lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1) inhibitors is described. Discovered during the process to improve the physicochemical and metabolic properties of BIRT377 (1, Figure 1), a previously reported hydantoin-based LFA-1 inhibitor, these compounds are characterized by an imidazole-based 5,5-bicyclic scaffold, the 1,3,3-trisubstituted 1H-imidazo[1,2-α]imidazol-2-one (i.e. structure 3). The structure−activity relationship (SAR) shows that electron−withdrawing groups at C5 on the imidazole ring benefit potency and that oxygen-containing functional groups attached to a C5-sulfonyl or sulfonamide group further improve potency. This latter gain in potency is attributed to the interaction(s) of the functionalized sulfonyl/sulfonamide groups with the protein, likely polar−polar in nature, as suggested by SAR data. X-ray studies revealed that these bicyclic inhibitors bind to the I-domain of LFA-1 in a pattern similar to that of compound 1.