Drugs Resistance and Treatment Failure in HIV and/or AIDS

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is an epidemic that has compelled the clinical sciences to profusely develop and modify this rapidly evolving pathogen. AIDS is fatal and incurable disease which severely affects immune system. The treatment for AIDS is a blend of two or more drugs known as antiretroviral drugs (ARV) and the therapy is cumulatively called Highly Active Anti-Retroviral Therapy (HAART). Although ARV drugs are successful and treatment is adapted with known efficacy, the major impediment resulting in treatment failure is drug resistance in HIV infected patients. Specific mutations in HIV genome result in the development of drug resistance against recommended therapy. These DNA mutations predict drug resistance against stated drug however there are number of factors contributing to the development of drug resistance. The main HIV targeted regions include developing countries due to deprived resources, poor clinical follow up and disease control management. Phenotype testing in link to computational modulation can be helpful in selecting the best treatment regimens however subsequent viral mutations and range of drug combinations can result in multifaceted scenario. Competing HIV along with evolving drug resistance challenges the efficiency of treatment and provokes more clinical trials towards threshold of failure.