Prevalencia de sarcopenia en mayores con demencia institucionalizados
2015
espanolObjetivo: estimar la prevalencia de sarcopenia aplicando los nuevos criterios diagnosticos, en mayores con demencia institucionalizados, analizando la asociacion entre la sarcopenia, el grado de demencia y el estado nutricional. Metodo: estudio descriptivo trasversal multicentrico con 189 sujetos diagnosticados de demencia en fase media, institucionalizados en siete centros residenciales de distintas ciudades espanolas. Se valoraron los actuales criterios de sarcopenia a traves de varias pruebas (bioimpedancia, dinamometria y pruebas de rendimiento fisico). Tambien se valoro el deterioro mediante la Global Deterioration Scale (GDS) y la Functional Assessment Staging (FAS) y estado nutricional a traves del Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA). Se realizaron pruebas parametricas (t de Student y ANOVA). Resultados: el 74% era mujer y la media de edad fue de 82,3 anos. El 57,1% estaba en estadio 5 y el 42,9% en estadio 6, segun la GDS/FAS. El MNA indico que el 54,6% presentaba riesgo de malnutricion, el 36,2%, malnutricion y el 9,2% estaba en normalidad. Presento sarcopenia el 68,8% de los sujetos. Hubo diferencias significativas para sarcopenia en funcion de la fase de demencia, y entre sarcopenia y estado de malnutricion. Conclusion: existe un elevado porcentaje de sarcopenia entre mayores con demencia institucionalizados y esta a su vez se relaciona con el estado de demencia y los estados de malnutricion. El profesional de Enfermeria es el responsable de la valoracion general, nutricional y de la planificacion de los cuidados, por lo que juega un papel esencial en la deteccion precoz de este problema de graves repercusiones en la poblacion mayor. EnglishObjective: to determine the prevalence of sarcopenia, by applying new diagnostic criteria, in institutionalized elderly patients with dementia, analyzing the association between sarcopenia, stage of dementia, and nutritional status. Method: multicenter transversal descriptive study, with 189 patients diagnosed with dementia in intermediate stage, institutionalized in seven residential centres in different Spanish cities. Current sarcopenia criteria were assessed through different tests (bioimpedance, dynamometry, and physical performance tests). Deterioration was also assessed, with the Global Deterioration Scale (GDS) and the Functional Assessment Staging (FAS), and nutritional status was assessed through the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA). Parametric tests were conducted (Student’s t and ANOVA). Results: 74% of patients were female, and their mean age was 82.3 years. 57.1% were in Stage 5 and 42.9% in Stage 6, according to the GDS/FAS. The MNA showed that 54.6% presented risk of malnutrition, 36.2% presented malnutrition, and 9.2% were normal. 68.8% of patients presented sarcopenia. There were significant differences for sarcopenia based on the stage of dementia, and between sarcopenia and malnutrition status. Conclusion: there is a high rate of sarcopenia in institutionalized elderly patients with dementia, and at the same time this is associated with the status of dementia and malnutrition. The Nursing Professional is responsible for the overall and nutritional assessment, and for planning of care, therefore they will play an essential role in the early detection of this problem that has severe consequences on the elderly population.
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