State of art review on conventional and advanced pyrolysis of macroalgae and microalgae for biochar, bio-oil and bio-syngas production

Abstract Algal biomass including macroalgae and microalgae show great potential as pyrolysis feedstock in generating energy-dense and valuable pyrolytic products such as bio-oil, biochar and bio-syngas. The chemical constituents of macroalgae and microalgae show great variations, especially their lipid, carbohydrate and protein contents, which could affect the qualities of the pyrolytic products. From the established conventional pyrolysis, the products produced from both macroalgae and microalgae show moderate energy contents (