Role of Glutathione S-transferase (GSTM1, GSTT1) and CYP1A1 (cytochrome p450) Gene Polymorphisms in Susceptibility to Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Background: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) may originate from the combination of genetic susceptibility factors and environmental exposure. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of GSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotypes and CYP1A1*2A allele with susceptibility to AML in an Iranian population. Method: In this case-control study, 200 patients with AML and 200 normal individuals as controls were included. GSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotypes were amplified using multiplex PCR and CYP1A1*2A polymorphisms were genotyped by PCR-RFLP. Result: The frequency of GSTM1 null genotype was significantly higher in the control group compared to the case group. The frequency of GSST1 null genotype was significantly lower in the controls. No association was observed between the studied CYP1A1*2A variant and the risk of acute myeloid leukemia. The combination of GSTT1 null genotype and CYP1A1 *2A AA and AC alleles further increased the risk of AML. Conclusion: GSTT1 null genotype can increase the risk of AML, particularly when combined with CYP1A1*2A allele. GSTM1 null genotype can also play a protective role and reduce the risk of AML. However, further studies are required on a larger number of patients.