A threshold-based energy efficient military surveillance system using heterogeneous wireless sensor networks

Heterogeneous wireless sensor network (HWSN) is one of the promising wireless technologies which play an effective role in the remote areas monitoring applications like military surveillance, disaster relief operations, seismic activity monitoring, earthquake detection, etc. In such applications, the network energy consumption is the most prominent issue in sensor network due to its large overhead, uneven load balancing, and poor communication among the nodes. Thus, there is a necessity to develop energy efficient techniques that balance the communication load and overheads among the sensor nodes and make sensor networks energy efficient. The clustering is the most significant way to make network energy efficient and maximize the lifespan of the networks which divides the sensor nodes into groups proficiently. It performs a commanding role in the effectual use of energy dissipation for its batteries which directly affect the network lifespan. In this work, we propose an energy efficient cluster head (CH) selection technique for prolonging lifespan in HWSNs. In this methodology, a weighted threshold-based probabilities formula is proposed which considers the different types of energies of the networks and node density within sensing range for the most effective election of the cluster heads. The proposed threshold formula consists of different parameters, namely the current energy of the networks, node’s initial and residual energy, and node density within the sensing range area of the nodes which helps in electing the cluster heads proficiently. This method contributes a dynamic clustering method to decreasing energy consumption and avoids the load over the cluster heads. The overall performance of the projected protocol investigated within the MATLAB deliberates the simulation specification, namely throughput, alive–dead nodes energy utilization. Thus, the final results after the simulation of the suggested protocol beat the other hugest existing protocols; further, the performance of the proposed methodology is 115.40% higher in the network lifetime with admiration to SEP protocol.