New realizations of algebras of the Askey-Wilson type in terms of Lie and quantum algebras

The Askey-Wilson algebra is realized in terms of the elements of the quantum algebras $U_q(\mathfrak{su}(2))$ or $U_q(\mathfrak{su}(1,1))$. A new realization of the Racah algebra in terms of the Lie algebras $\mathfrak{su}(2)$ or $\mathfrak{su}(1,1)$ is given also. Details for different specializations are provided. The advantage of these new realizations is that one generator of the Askey-Wilson (or Racah) algebra becomes diagonal in the usual representation of the quantum algebras whereas the second one is tridiagonal. This allows to recover easily the recurrence relations of the associated orthogonal polynomials of the Askey scheme. These realizations involve rational functions of the Cartan generator of the quantum algebras, they are linear with respect to the other generators and depend on the Casimir element of the quantum algebras.