WIRELESS MOBILE NETWORKS: CROSS-LAYER COMMUNICATIONS Hierarchical wireless mobile MPLS mechanism using foreign tracking agent based on M/G/1 with capacity c queueing model

Within the MultiProtocol Label Switching (MPLS) network, packets with the same for- warding equivalent class can easily be identified by their attached label value. The cross-layer top- ology associates with access protocol and IP mobility agents. The necessity of agent discovery is reduced and an approach to enhance handoff efficiency proposed. This efficient handoff scheme is performed by a foreign tracking agent (FTA) that plays a role as an administrator of a hierarchy that consists of some foreign agents (FAs) to localise the routing operation of forwarded packets. To analyse the performance of a hierarchical mobile MPLS network, the system is modelled as an M/G/1 system with capacity c, where c represents the number of FAs that can be administered for an FTA. The mean delay time of the FTA to process the forwarding of packets is analysed using M/M/1 with capacity c queueing model. The minimum number of FAs that can be adminis- tered for an FTA is derived to improve network performance by minimising mean delay time.