Formulasi Sediaan Emulgel Untuk Penghantaran Transdermal Ketoprofen
2013
Ketoprofen adalah obat golongan anti inflamasi non-steroid (AINS) yang banyak digunakan untuk mengobati nyeri dan inflamasi. Penggunaan oral ketoprofen dapat menimbulkan berbagai efek samping sistemik. Pemakaian transdermal diketahui mampu mencapai konsentrasi efektif pada jaringan target, dengan konsentrasi plasma yang lebih rendah dibanding penggunaan oral, sehingga dapat mengurangi resiko efek samping sistemiknya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat sediaan emulgel untuk penghantaran transdermal ketoprofen. Propilenglikol 10% dan menthol 3% digunakan sebagai peningkat penetrasi. Sediaan dievaluasi meliputi pengamatan organoleptik, pH, viskositas, serta pengujian stabilitas fisik menggunakan metode sentrifugasi dan freeze thaw. Selanjutnya dilakukan uji difusi in vitro dan uji iritasi kulit dan mata pada kelinci. Sediaan emulgel memenuhi kriteria stabilitas fisik berdasarkan uji sentrifugasi dan freeze thaw. Nilai pH dan viskositas sediaan relatif stabil selama kurun waktu penyimapanan 120 hari pada suhu kamar. Propilenglikol dan mentol dapat meningkatkan difusi perkutan ketoprofen, yang berbeda signifikan dibandingkan emulgel tanpat peningkat penetrasi (p<0,05). Formula emulgel bersifat sedikit mengiritasi kulit dengan nilai indeks iritasi kutan 0,83-1,17 (nilai maksimal 8), tetapi tidak mengiritasi mata. Kata kunci: Ketoprofen, transdermal, emulgel, peningkat penetrasi. Abstract Ketoprofen as an non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) used for pain and inflamation treatment. However, there are some serious adverse effects associated with oral use of NSAIDs. Transdermal route is known to reach effective local concentration with low plasma concentration resulting in reduction systemic adverse effects. The objectives of this study was to formulate emulgel of ketoprofen for transdermal delivery. Ketoprofen emulgel was prepared using 10% of propilene glycol and 3% of menthol as penetrant enhancer. Evaluation of preparation included organoleptic evaluation, pH, viscocity, and physical stability test using centrifugation and freeze thaw method. Skin permeation was evaluated in vitro using spangler membrane and irritation effect test on rabbits. Emulgels were stable after centrifugation and freeze thaw test. The viscosity and pH of preparations were relatively stable during storage at room temperature for 120 days. Propylenglycol and menthol increased diffusion rate of ketoprofen, differ significantly from emulgel without enhancer (p<0.05). Emulgel preparation were slightly irritate to the skin with irritation index 0.83-1.17 (maximum value 8) but was not irritate to the eyes. Keywords: Ketoprofen, transdermal, emulgel, penetrant enhancer
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